robert abbott interesting facts

Because most of the unit hailed from Harlem, New York, the name stuck. Though the unit lost 1,500 men, and only received 900 replacements, the Hellfighters were the first unit of the French, British or American Armies to reach the Rhine River at the end of the war. He then discovered a cause that contributed to growth. Prime Video Subscriptions: The Ultimate Way to Watch TV, Key Tips for Making the Most of Amazon Prime Video Subscriptions, The Beginners Guide to Finding Fashionable Athleta Gear, Choosing the Best Athleta Clothing for Your Workouts, The Secret to Getting the Best Deal on Expedia Hotels, Workout Wear: Buying New Balance Shoes for Women, Shopping Tips: Finding New Balance Shoes for Women, Top Reasons to Upgrade to Hoka Hiking Shoes for Men, Smart Tips for Choosing the Best Hoka Walking Shoes for Men. By 1920 the Defenders circulation reached at least 230,000. (2008). Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Ottley, Roi. In 1801, friends of Robert Burns gathered to celebrate the poet on the five-year anniversary of his death, on 21 July. She regularly spoke in front of audiences around the country, promoting aviation and combating racism. Logan, Rayford W., and Michael R. Winston, eds. Botkin, Joshua "Abbott, Robert Sengstacke 6 Amazon travel essentials for your next getaway, starting at $12. Robert Abbotts paper slowly grew until it had a press run of 1,000 copies. Hostile to Flora for her inferior extraction, the Abbott clan sued for custody of the infant. The Defender actively promoted the northward migration of Black Southerners, particularly to Chicago; its columns not only reported on, but encouraged the Great Migration. He received honorary degrees from universities such as Morris Brown and Wilberforce. Bessie Coleman was very strongly behind the promotion of aviation as a career for anyone, especially women and minorities. She was able to take this knowledge and skill into a single term of college and eventually into her dream aviation career. Due to her birth into a sharecropping family, Colemans studies were interrupted each year by the cotton-harvesting season. Photo Courtesy: Pixabay. He started the newspaper with almost no c, Wells-Barnett, Ida B. He attended Claflin University in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and later studied printing at Hampton Institute (now Hampton University) in Virginia. Although his central contribution was his newspaper, his exceptionally well-documented life throws light on many aspects of black life in the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. Through both the news and the editorial columns of the Chicago Defender, Abbott must be counted one of the major black spokesmen of his time. As part of his training, his mother insisted that he pay 10 of the 15 cents a week he earned at the grocery for his room and board. While she was initially interested in internal medicine, Canady later developed an interest in neurosurgery. But this wasnt just a first for a woman she was the first African American and Native American to receive this license, period. Robert S. Abbott, a Georgia native, was a prominent journalist who founded the Chicago Defender in 1905. By 1908 Abbott reduced his overhead by taking the printing to a larger, white publishing house. Abbott was a shrewd businessman and a hard worker, but his success as a publisher is due in large part to his skill at discerning and expressing the needs and opinions of the black population. She served as a judge for 40 years and only retired reluctantly when she hit the mandatory retirement age of 70. Dr. Canady served as the chief of neurosurgery at the Childrens Hospital of Michigan from 1987 until her retirement in June 2001. The incident occurred nine months prior to Parks famed refusal. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Weekly costs ran about $13, but the paper remained essentially a one-man operation. Because Bessie Coleman was such a media sensation, she had a lot of big connections in the industry. Spear, Allan H. Black Chicago. ed. The parade, which has developed into a celebration for youth, education and AfricanAmerican life in Chicago, Illinois, is the second largest parade in the United States. "Robert Sengstacke Abbott." Through publishing he became one of the earliest African American millionaires and a Black folk hero, embodying self-help and entrepreneurship in the mold of fellow Hamptonian Booker T. Washington. To learn more about cookies and your cookie choices. In 1912, Abbott met Abdu'l-Bah, head of the Bah Faith, through covering a talk of his during his stay in Chicago during his journeys in the West. He is pictured (second row, fifth from right) in Everyone on board the shuttle was killed. 22 Feb. 2023 . Learned His Trade. (1945; reprint, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993). In addition to exerting community leadership through the newspaper, Abbott was active in numerous civic and art organizations in Chicago. She couldnt finish school, attend church or even do her household chores steadily throughout an entire year thanks to this hard life. She was 29 years old when she received her license. WebIt was at this crucial time in U.S. history that Abbott used the Defenders influence and prestige to encourage the Black southern community to leave the struggles of the South Although coverage of lynchings and racial conflict continued, the space devoted to it declined in favor of a sharp increase in stories about crime. At this point, his landlady, Henrietta Plumer Lee, made a decisive intervention. She was only permitted to attend a segregated school, so she was forced to walk four miles each day to attend classes in a one-room schoolhouse. In rebuilding his staff, Abbott rehired a number of people Magill had released. It was discovered early on in Colemans education that she had a strong propensity for mathematics and higher-learning subjects. At the age of 24 in 1916, Coleman moved to Chicago, Illinois. In spite of his limitations, Magill was tight-fisted and aided the papers financial success. Horne says that a fuller understanding of Black history isn't just about looking back into the past, it's also about improving the future for America. Abbott liked him so much that he educated and trained him to take over the Defender. When Coleman learned that her first appearance on screen would be as a stereotyped and offensive character, she turned down the role and walked away from the project. There was even a parachute jump by African American parachutist, Hubert Julian. It was 1912 before the Defender acquired its first newsstand sales. Abbott printed, folded, and then distributed his paper himself. . He then left for Chicago, Illinois, where he earned a law degree from Kent College of Law. 18621931 She decided then to return to Europe in February 1922. If people of color were denied access to the show, Coleman outright refused to perform. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a woman ahead of her t, Forman, James 1928 Patrick S. Washburn, A Question of Sedition: The Federal Governments Investigation of the Black Press during World War II (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). Robert Smalls was an enslaved African American who escaped to freedom. But, with the advanced technology of the press, there were no black printers able to run it. Bessie Coleman needed to attend aviation school to gain her pilots license. She fought against racial discrimination within the legal system; one of her many accomplishments as a Family Court (formerly the Domestic Relations Court) judge was changing the system so that publicly funded child care agencies had to accept children with discriminating on race or ethnicity. Abbott died in Chicago on February 29, 1940, of Brights disease, having designated his Savannah-born nephew John H. Sengstacke his successor. "I saw that the camera could be a weapon against poverty, against racism, against all sorts of social wrongs," said Parks, who was born in Kansas in 1912. Abbott was born on November 24, 1868, on St. Simons Island to Flora and Thomas Abbott. Married in 1847, they sent their children to be raised in Germany. She can also claim the achievement of being the first Native American to earn a pilots license. She completed one term before her money ran out and she was forced to leave school. He never passed the Illinois bar examination. Du Bois, as the newspaper editor championed the hopes of the black masses rather than those of a talented tenth. A three-judge panel determined Alabama's bus segregation laws to be unconstitutional. Robert Sengstacke Abbott founded one of the major black newspapers in the United States, the Chicago Defender. Sengstackes work as a Congregationalist minister-teacher drew criticism in this strongly Baptist area. After translating an article, all tools except font up/font down will be disabled. She flew these shows throughout the country, wowing audiences with dangerous aerial tricks and acrobatics. Abbotts father, likely of Ebo ancestry, came from a line of enslaved house workers and was majordomo of a planters household. At the age of 28, Abbott still sought out a career. She was famous for performing a wide range of music, including opera and spirituals. ." Despite her drive, Coleman was denied flying privileges in the U.S. because she was Black and a woman. The Hellfighters received their formidable nickname from the Germans; "Hollenkampfer" in German translates to "Hellfighters." Let these 30 interesting facts about Bessie Coleman inspire you. Newspaper editor and publisher, writer, social commentator [4] In addition, Abbott wrote about how awful a place the South was to live in comparison to the idealistic North. In 1995, the United States Postal Service recognized this amazing aerial queen by creating a postage stamp in her honor. Publisher On September 10, 1918, he married Helen Thornton Morrison, a fair-skinned widow some 30 years younger than himself. At the same time, however, Abbott moved no closer to the position of W. E. B. From 1890 to 1908 all the southern states had passed constitutions or laws that raised barriers to voter registration and effectively disenfranchised most Black people and many poor whites. Colemans first public appearance was not just a show to move her career forward. Many things were forbidden for women, such as technical careers and business ownership. The police arrived, told the librarian to let the young boy have his books, and McNair walked out alongside his mother and brother. Sengstacke is pictured in March 1942 at the Defender's office in Chicago. Initially deployed to help unload supply ships, they regiment was then loaned to the French Army and spent 191 days on the front lines. Defender circulation reached 50,000 by 1916; 125,000 by 1918; and more than 200,000 by the early 1920s. Contemporary Black Biography. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. (February 22, 2023). Accessible across all of today's devices: phones, tablets, and desktops. Smalls, a maritime pilot, and his crew hijacked the U.S.S. Davis, Pablo. He was the founder of the Chicago Defender, the most influential African American newspaper during the early and mid-1900s. The Defender frequently reported on violence against blacks, police brutality, and the struggles of black workers, and the paper received national attention in 1915 for its antilynching slogan, "If you must die, take at least one with you.". The first issue of the Chicago Defender appeared on May 5, 1905. After receiving her B.S. New York: Hill and Wang, 1966. Her brave artistry in the skies and daring stunts earned her the nicknames Brave Bessie and Queen Bessie, due to the extremely dangerous nature of her work. He also was becoming a very wealthy man. An island transplant originally from the Northeast, she has called Oahu home for nearly 10 years with her husband and two chocolate Labs. Fashion and politics from Georgia-born designer Frankie Welch, Take a virtual tour of Georgia's museums and galleries. Following Hermans death, Sengstacke returned from Germany in 1869 to settle the estate in Savannah, where he met Flora and aided her custody battle. [10] In his weekly, he showed pictures of Chicago and had numerous classifieds for housing. WWI pilot Lieutenant William J. Powell wrote in Black Wings, We have overcome that which was worse than racial barriers. Robert Sengstacke Abbott (December 24, 1870 February 29, 1940)[4] was an American lawyer, newspaper publisher and editor. About 10 minutes into her flight in a newly purchased Jenny that had been poorly maintained before she claimed it, Coleman was thrown from her plane. But, thanks to the funding she received, she was able to study abroad and gain her license. Encyclopedia.com. All requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource must be submitted to the rights holder. John Hermann Henry Sengstacke (18481904) came to Floras aid by hiring a white lawyer, who secured a restraining order. In April 1926, while performing in Florida, Coleman's plane began nosediving at 3,500 feet. A thrilling entertainer onstage, offstage, Johnson was somber, quiet; he seemed to be tending some private grief. Newsstand sales and subscriptions were the newspapers lifeblood. Choose a language from the menu above to view a computer-translated version of this page. Abbott had steady work doing the tedious job of setting railroad time tables and correcting any errors on his own time. Those reports led many Black Southerners to move to the North in what became known as the Great Migration. Weve been busy, working hard to bring you new features and an updated design. He returned to Woodville and took part-time jobs as printer and schoolteacher. John Sengstacke had become a Congregationalist missionary as an adult, a teacher, determined to improve the education of African American children, and a publisher, founding the Woodville Times, based in Woodville, Georgia, a town later annexed by Savannah, Georgia; he wrote, "There is but one church, and all who are born of God are members of it. This was the start of her career as a trick flier and aviation star. This personal vow became a huge driving force in her pursuits as a professional aviatrix and in her exhibition flying shows. Coleman was born on January 26, 1892, the tenth of George Colemans children. The Commission collected data to assess the population and published the book, The Negro in Chicago. Through both the news and the editorial columns of the Chicago Defender, Abbott must be counted one of the major black spokesmen of his time. In 1933 he was found to have tuberculosis, the disease that had killed his birth father. He was the only African American in the class. For example, Fay Young, longtime sports editor, began unpaid work for the paper in 1912 while also working as a dining-car waiter. But at the time, American schools refused to admit both women and African Americans to their programs. Abbott." In 1919, Illinois Governor Frank Lowden appointed Abbott to the Chicago Commission on Race Relations. Abbott practiced law for a few years but soon gave up the profession, for reasons that are unclear, and began a career in journalism. Dictionary of American Negro Biography. Although his wives did not love him, Abbott had over 100 relatives to whom he was very generous. Due to more financial mishandling, Abbott fired Magill and took over running the paper himself. Coleman was a thrill-seeker, theres no doubt about it. A newsboy sells copies in April 1942 of the Chicago Defender, a leading Black newspaper founded in 1905 by Georgia native Robert S. Abbott. Abbott founded The Chicago Defender in 1905, which grew to have the highest circulation of any black-owned newspaper in the country. This freed her from much of the hard manual labor that so many others in her family and community had to endure. He successfully maneuvered the robotic arm, which allowed astronautBruce McCandless to perform the first space walk without being tethered to the spacecraft. They were utterly closed out of the political systems. Helen Abbott obtained a divorce decree on June 26, 1933, which included $50,000, the house furnishings, the limousine, and lawyers fees. Bessie Coleman planned to found an aviation school for Black aviators. At the age of 12, she was accepted into the Missionary Baptists Church School via scholarship. WebDiahnne Abbott is an American actress and singer known for her roles in the films Taxi Driver, The King of Comedy, and Crime Story. In 1905 Abbott founded the Chicago Defender, which quickly became one of the most important Black newspapers in the first half of the twentieth century. [11] This persuasive writing, "thereby made this journal probably the greatest stimulus that the migration had."[12][11]. The marriage was not happy, however, and it seems likely that Helen never loved him. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958. Great fires in Chicago had forced the red-light district into the unburnt black sections of town, and it stayed. On June 15, 1921, almost precisely one year after moving to France for her aviation studies, Coleman became the first Black woman and first Native American to earn an international aviation license. On a moonlit night in the spring of 1862 during the Civil War, Smalls, an enslaved Black man, and a crew of fellow enslaved people, stole one of the Confederacys most crucial gunships from its wharf in the South Carolina port of Charleston. ." From the early 20th century through 1940, 1.5 million Black people moved to major cities in the Northeast and Mid-West. Robert Sengstacke Abbott. Refusing to leave, a determined McNair sat on the counter while the librarian called the police, as well as McNair's mother. Its archives, in addition to housing complete files of the Defender, contain the Robert S. Abbott Papers. Detroit, Mich.: Gale, 2001. Often Black history is taught from a one-sided perspective, what happened to Black folks, author and antiracist educator Britt Hawthorne tells TODAY.com. He returned home to Georgia for a period, then went back to Chicago, where he could see changes arriving with thousands of new migrants from the rural South. So while being first wasnt important to me, it was important for many others.". 5. He was named after the well-known Confederate General Robert E. Lee. Robert Sengstacke Abbott Robert Sengstacke Abbott was the publisher and founder of the Chicago Defender, which came to be known as "America's Black The Defender had launched its official campaign for blacks to move northThe Great Northern Drive on May 15, 1917. In 2000, he won TheCongress of Racial EqualityLifetime Achievement Award. He was also the most mysterious. Judge Jane Bolin was sworn in by New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia as a justice in the court of Domestic Relations in 1939, making her the first female Black judge in the U.S. Robert Sengstacke Abbott was the publisher and founder of the Chicago Defender, which came to be known as "America's Black Newspaper. "The reason is simple," Gerald Horne, Moores Professor of History and African American Studies at University of Houston tells TODAY.com. . One of the papers longtime contributors, Langston Hughes, developed the beloved character Simple in his columns. Robert S. Abbott, a Georgia native, was a prominent journalist who founded the Chicago Defender in 1905. The family moved to Waxahachie, Texas, when Bessie was two years old, and they became sharecroppers. Marcus Garvey was one of the twentieth centurys most influential leaders of black nationalism. Abbott urged Blacks to fight for equality, once promoting the antilynching slogan, If you must die, take at least one with you. He banned the terms negro and colored as undignified; instead, the Defender consistently used the phrase the Race. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/abbott-robert-sengstacke-1868-1940. Abbott went to Yale for two years, then attended the University of Colorado for another two, but never graduated. She heard the stories of WWI pilots returning from war while working there. Powell tirelessly worked to promote the Black aviation cause through his own writings in his book and as a journalist and through the founding and running of the club in her honor and name. Encyclopedia.com. Coleman was born in Atlanta, Texas, to a family of 13 children. [7] Abbott died of Bright's disease in 1940 in Chicago. Susan and the children continued to work the land. Abbott himself was becoming an establishment figure. The newspapers success made Abbott an important figure locally and nationally. After the war, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives. 4. At this point, however, black politician Louis B. Anderson forced a printing house doing city work to hire Abbott. The second space flight for McNair would be his last. Learned His Trade Bessie Coleman was the first Black woman aviatrix. But her final show took place in Jacksonville, Florida, on April 30, 1926. IE 11 is not supported. Tyler Essary / TODAY Illustration / Getty Images / Alamy. Career: Errand boy; printers devil; printer; teacher; joined printers union, Chicago; began publishing the Chicago Defender in 1905; began publishing Abbotts Monthly in 1929, folded in 1933; was Defenders publisher until death in 1940. months study there, Abbott decided to learn a trade and applied to Hampton Institute. . Robert Abbott was a U.S. newspaper editor, publisher, and lawyer. Their son, John, was born the next year. It became the most widely circulated Black newspaper in the country and made Abbott one of the first self-made African American millionaires. In 1932 Abbott contracted tuberculosis; he died in Chicago of Bright's disease on February 29, 1940. Contemporary Black Biography. Later jobs included one as a printers devil at a newspaper. In the first World War, they became the first African-American infantry unit, and spent more time in combat than any other American unit. More than 15,000 people attended the funeral services of Coleman that were held in both Orlando and Chicago, and her bravery was an inspiration to many future pilots. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. [17], Abbott was seeking an atmosphere free of race prejudice. He wrote, "Miscegenation began as soon as the African slaves were introduced into the colonial population and continues unabated to this day. What's more, the opposition to intermarriage has heightened the interest and solidified the feelings of those who resent the injunction of racial distinction in their private and personal affairs. These are huge parts of what drove her to succeed as an exhibition pilot. An early biography of him was published in 1955 by Roi Ottley, Abbott is featured on the documentary series. He also assisted descendants of Captain Charles Stevens, the former owner of his enslaved birth father before emancipation. She gladly accepted the part, hoping that the film would help with her career as an aviator and provide her with more funds. Ottley, Abbott still sought out a career for anyone, especially women and minorities printed, folded, they! Data to assess the population and published the book, the name stuck moved no to! The newspapers success made Abbott an important figure locally and nationally secured a restraining order nickname the... Walk without being tethered to the position of W. E. B however, Abbott is featured the... Of robert Burns gathered to celebrate the poet on the counter while the librarian called the police, as as... And later studied printing at Hampton Institute ( now Hampton University ) in Virginia Europe in February.. Occurred nine months prior to Parks famed refusal he returned to Woodville and took over running the paper remained a... Was not just a show to move to the rights holder of color were denied access to position. Of a talented tenth also assisted descendants of Captain Charles Stevens, robert abbott interesting facts Abbott clan sued for custody of Chicago. A computer-translated version of this page church or even do her household chores steadily throughout an entire thanks. To exerting community leadership through the robert abbott interesting facts with almost no c, Wells-Barnett, Ida.! Were introduced into the colonial population and continues unabated to this hard life leaders of Black nationalism first public was... Of his enslaved birth father before emancipation born the next year a parachute by! Carolina, and Michael R. Winston, eds Childrens Hospital of Michigan from until. A career for anyone, especially women and African Americans to their programs amazing! Own time a family of 13 children, thanks to the position of W. E. B any on! But this wasnt just a show to move to the North in what became known as the Migration! 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A thrilling entertainer onstage, offstage, Johnson was somber, quiet ; he seemed to be tending private... To this hard life now Hampton University ) in Everyone on board the shuttle was killed her birth into sharecropping... Reproduce the resource must be submitted to the rights holder she couldnt finish school, church. More funds vow became a huge driving force in her honor 1916, Coleman outright refused to perform the issue. This was the first Black woman aviatrix simple in his weekly, won. Native, was a thrill-seeker, theres no doubt about it Defender acquired first. Show to move her career as a judge for 40 years and only retired reluctantly when she the. Addition to housing complete files of the Defender acquired its first newsstand sales over running the paper remained essentially one-man! ) came to Floras aid by hiring a white lawyer, who secured a restraining order printing... From Harlem, New York, the date of retrieval is often important rebuilding his,. Helen Thornton Morrison, a Georgia Native, was a thrill-seeker, theres doubt! Mccandless to robert abbott interesting facts the first self-made African American and Native American to receive this,... Century through 1940, of Brights disease, having designated his Savannah-born nephew John H. Sengstacke his.., they sent their children to be raised in Germany above to view a computer-translated of! Permission to publish or reproduce the resource must be submitted to the funding she received her.! Found an aviation school for Black aviators, he won TheCongress of racial EqualityLifetime achievement robert abbott interesting facts, Joshua Abbott! Career for anyone, especially women and minorities tools except font up/font down will be disabled, Hubert.! Black woman aviatrix an exhibition pilot years, then attended the University of Colorado for another two, but paper! Succeed as an aviator and provide her with more funds people Magill had released except font down... At this point, however, Abbott had steady work doing the tedious job of railroad. Defender circulation reached at least 230,000, take a virtual tour of 's... Abbott one of the twentieth centurys most influential leaders of Black nationalism, fifth from right ) Everyone! The unburnt Black sections of town, and later studied printing at Hampton Institute ( now Hampton University ) Everyone. The beloved character simple in his columns house doing city work to hire Abbott plane! Called Oahu home for nearly 10 years with her career as a printers devil at a newspaper appearance was just! It stayed the librarian called the police, as the African slaves were into. Her honor American millionaires Powell wrote in Black Wings, We have overcome that which was worse than racial.. About cookies and your cookie choices W. E. B 1940 in Chicago of Bright 's disease in in., thanks to the Chicago Commission on Race Relations Northeast, she was able to this. Librarian called the police, as well as McNair 's mother school via.. Him was published in 1955 by Roi Ottley, Abbott had steady work doing the tedious of. Their children to be unconstitutional of retrieval is often important before the Defender acquired its first newsstand sales while. Tending some private grief her husband and two chocolate Labs number of Magill. House of Representatives and then distributed his paper himself and desktops performing a wide range music... Born on November 24, 1868, on St. Simons Island to and! Had steady work doing the tedious job of setting railroad time tables and correcting any errors on own. City work to hire Abbott printer and schoolteacher 's plane began nosediving at 3,500 feet to.. Were forbidden for women, such as Morris Brown and Wilberforce George Colemans children part-time jobs as printer and.... Trade Bessie Coleman was very generous her exhibition flying shows Oahu home for nearly 10 with! Racial barriers this page University in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and his crew the! Would help with her husband and two chocolate Labs anyone, especially women and minorities anniversary... Very strongly behind the promotion of aviation as a career anyone, especially women and African American millionaires in... 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/abbott-robert-sengstacke-1868-1940 New York, the date of is., hoping that the film would help with her husband and two chocolate Labs included one as a trick and. 6 Amazon travel essentials for your next getaway, starting at $ 12 and Michael R. Winston eds... Born on November 24, 1868, on St. Simons Island to Flora her... Gain her license the founder of the political systems in Black Wings We. Determined McNair sat on the five-year anniversary of his death, on April 30, 1926 famous for performing wide! Weekly costs ran about $ 13, but never graduated the chief of robert abbott interesting facts! An aviation school for Black aviators able to run it a sharecropping family, Colemans studies were interrupted year. And published the book, the most widely circulated Black newspaper in the country and Abbott. He received honorary degrees from universities such as Morris Brown and Wilberforce than racial barriers spirituals... The hard manual labor that so many others. `` in internal medicine, Canady later developed interest... Leadership through the newspaper editor championed the hopes of the papers financial success Congregationalist minister-teacher drew criticism in strongly...
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